Here a Thousand Sail of the Line may ride in the most perfect Security.’, Governor Phillip was vested with complete authority over the inhabitants of the colony. It originally included the areas that became Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The first Letters Patent of 1787 established the lower court’s summary jurisdiction over criminal matters in the New South Wales colony. James Cook, who took possession of what he called New South Wales in the name of King George III. Reid was able to bargain with the other Premiers to modify the draft so that it suited New South Wales interests, and the draft was then approved. [15] Central, however to Macquarie's policy was his treatment of the emancipists, whom he decreed should be treated as social equals to free-settlers in the colony. On 18 January 1788, the First Fleet led by Captain Arthur Phillip founded the first British settlement in Australian history as a penal colony. The Mungo Lake remains indicate occupation of parts of the New South Wales area by Indigenous Australians for at least 40,000 years. Having set sail on 13 May 1787, Captain Arthur Phillip assumed the role of governor of the settlement upon arrival. For the next 40 years the history of New South Wales was identical with the history of Australia, since it was not until 1803 that any settlements were made outside the current boundaries of New South Wales, and these, at Hobart and Launceston in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), were at first dependencies of New South Wales. Lang's second government was elected in November 1930 on a policy of repudiating New South Wales' debt to British bondholders and using the money instead to help the unemployed through public works. This early experience of government, plus the social base of New South Wales party in the rural areas rather than in the militant industrial working class of the cities, made New South Wales Labor notably more moderate than its counterparts in other states, and this, in turn, made it more successful at winning elections. The flow of convict ships slowed in the 1840s. A public meeting was held in 1851 to consider Queensland's proposed separation from New South Wales. The decision to stop shipping felons was not unanimous and so it continued in other places like Tasmania until 1853. In 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834, which enabled the province of South Australia to be established. The land was managed by Aboriginal peoples or language groups for tens of thousands of years through a range of traditional practices, including the use of fire to stimulate the growth of valued plants or to clear grasslands for hunting.
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